JOURNAL

Meaning of Journal:

The term 'journal' is derived from the French word 'jour', which means a day. Journal, therefore, means a daybook or a daily record. It is a book of original entries in which all transactions are first recorded chronologically (i.e., in the order of occurrence or order of dates) from the source documents.

In the journal, each transaction is analysed (i.e., classified) into debit (i.e., receiving or incoming) aspect and credit (i.e., giving or outgoing) aspect, and both the debit and credit aspects of each transaction are recorded together in one entry, with a brief explanation for the entry called narration.

Features of Journal

The following are some of the features of the journal:

(a) Journal is written every day

(b) Transactions are recorded systematically in chronological order date wise

(d) It analysis the transactions into the accounts to be debited and credited.

(e) It contains the properly drawn columns

(f) Transactions are posted to ledger accounts from the journal.

Objectives and Advantages of Journal :

The following are some of the objectives of the journal :

1. Record of daily transactions:

Journal is necessary to record daily transactions of the business.

2. Complete record at one place:

A complete record of all the transactions is found in this book.

3. Complete picture of transactions:

Both the debit and credit aspects of each transaction are found in this book along with a brief explanation in one place.

4. Easy for cross-checking:

Journal helps to cross-check the entries in the ledger.

5. Quick reference:

As the entries are made in the journal date-wise future reference becomes easy.

6. Basis for posting:

Journal is a base for posting to the ledger.

Proforma of Journal

Certain columns are to be provided as shown below on each page of the journal for recording the transactions under the double-entry system :

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poem by student Pallavi kumar

ನನ್ನ ದೇಶ ನನ್ನದೆನ್ನುವ ಅಭಿಮಾನವು ನಿಮ್ಮದು ಆ.. ಶೃಂಗ-ಶಿಖರಗಳಾ ಅಂತರಂಗವೆಲ್ಲ ನಿಮ್ಮದು ಸತ್ಯ ತ್ಯಾಗ ನಿಸ್ವಾರ್ಥದ ಸೇವೆ ದೇಶಕೆಂದುನಿಮ್ಮದು ದೇಶಕಾಗಿ ಪ್ರಾಣ ತೆತ್ತ ಅಮರರಾದವೀರರೇ ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಂ ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಂ ಆ.. ಹಾ.. ಪ್ರತಿ ಕ್ಷಣದ ಎಚ್ಚರದೊಳು ಯೋಧರೆದೆಯ ಕೆಚ್ಚಿನಲಿ ನನ್ನ ದೇಶ ನನ್ನವರಿಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಯ್ವೆನೆಂಬ ಎಚ್ಚರದಲಿ ವೈರಿಗಳೆದೆ ನಡುಗಿಸಿದ ಬೆಂಕಿ ಜ್ವಾಲೆಯೇ ದೇಶಕ್ಕೆಂದು ಬಲಿದಾನ ಕೊಡಲು ಸಿದ್ಧ ಎನ್ನುವ ವೀರರೇ //ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಂ// ಮೈ ಕೊರೆವ ಚಳಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ದಿಗಿಲಾಗಿಸುವ ಇರುಳಲ್ಲಿ ನೆತ್ತರದ ಒಕೂಳಿಯ ಮಧ್ಯೆಮಾತೆಯ ನೆನೆಯುತಲಿ ದೇಶಕೆಂದೇ ಸಂಜೀವಿನಿಯಾದ ಯೋಧರೆ ಕಡುಕತ್ತಲಲಿ ದೇಶಕ್ಕೆ ಬೆಳಕಾದ ಸೂರ್ಯರೇ //ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಂ// ಸಕಲ ಸುಖ-ಸಂತೋಷವ ತೊರೆದು ಸಜ್ಜಾದ ಕಲ್ಕಿಗಳೇ ಮನೆ ಮಡದಿ ಮಕ್ಕಳಿಂದ ದೂರವಿದ್ದು ದೇಶವ ಜಪಿಸಿದ ಯೋಗಿಗಳೇ ಜೀವವ ಲೆಕ್ಕಿಸದೆ ಸಜ್ಜಾಗಿ ಎದೆಯೊಡ್ಡಿ ನಿಂತ ವೀರರೇ ದೇಶಕೆಂದೇ ಸದಾ ಸಿದ್ಧ ಕೊರಳು ಎಂದು ನಿಂತ ಛಲಗಾರರೇ ಇಗೊ ನಿಮಗೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಾವಿರ ವಂದನೆ //ವಂದೇ ಮಾತರಂ// ಯುವ ಕವಯಿತ್ರಿ: ಪಲ್ಲವಿ ,ಕುಮಾರ,ಕಾಂಬಳೆ BBA student GFGC collage raibag ತಾ. ರಾಯಬಾಗ ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ: ಬೆಳಗಾವಿ ಸಾಕಿನ್: ಜಲಾಲಪೂರ ಫೋನ್ :೯೩೮೦೬೧೦೩೫೫ ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು. .......

Fun week celebration

Cost of capital:meaning and significance

Cost of capital Meaning of Cost of Capital : An investor provides long-term funds (i.e., Equity shares, Preference Shares, Retained earnings, Debentures etc.) to a company and quite naturally he expects a good return on his investment. In order to satisfy the investor’s expectations the company should be able to earn enough revenue. Thus, to the company, the cost of capital is the minimum rate of return that the company must earn on its investments to fulfill the expectations of the investors. If a company can raise long-term funds from the market at 10%, then 10% can be used as cut-off rate as the management gains only when the project gives return higher than 10%. Hence 10% is the discount rate or cut-off rate. In other words, it is the minimum rate of return required on the investment project to keep the market value per share unchanged. In order to maximise the shareholders’ wealth through increased price of shares, a company has to earn more than the cost of capital. The firm’s co...

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